{"id":188,"date":"2018-07-30T15:39:10","date_gmt":"2018-07-30T14:39:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/josemota.pt\/aprendernarede\/?page_id=188"},"modified":"2025-12-12T22:38:30","modified_gmt":"2025-12-12T21:38:30","slug":"1-1-genese-do-conceito","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/josemota.pt\/aprendernarede\/parte1\/capitulo1\/1-1-genese-do-conceito\/","title":{"rendered":"1.1. G\u00e9nese do conceito"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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The first glimmerings of Web 2.0 are beginning to appear, and we are just starting to see how that embryo might develop (\u2026) The Web will be understood not as screenfuls of text and graphics but as a transport mechanism, the ether through which interactivity happens. It will still appear on your computer screen, transformed by video and other dynamic media made possible by the speedy connection technologies now coming down the pike. The Web will also appear, in different guises, on your TV set (interactive content woven seamlessly into programming and commercials), your car dashboard (maps, Yellow Pages, and other traveler info), your cell phone (news, stock quotes, flight updates), hand-held game machines (linking players with competitors over the Net), and maybe even your microwave (automatically finding cooking times for products).<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Era assim que, em 1999, num artigo publicado na Print Magazine, Darcy DiNucci introduzia o termo \u201cWeb 2.0\u201d para referir as mudan\u00e7as que, segundo ela, estavam a tornar a web mais interactiva, mais interconectada e mais presente no nosso quotidiano [1]. Era uma vis\u00e3o ainda muito difusa e explorat\u00f3ria do que a\u00ed viria, mas seria suficientemente distante para que se lhe recuse o m\u00e9rito de ter inventado a express\u00e3o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seja com for, n\u00e3o lhe coube a gl\u00f3ria de ficar na Hist\u00f3ria como o seu criador. Essa ficar\u00e1 sempre indelevelmente ligada a Dale Dougherty, vice-presidente da O’Reilly Media, Inc.<\/a>, uma reputada editora de livros na \u00e1rea da computa\u00e7\u00e3o, atrav\u00e9s da organiza\u00e7\u00e3o de uma confer\u00eancia com essa designa\u00e7\u00e3o. Diz Tim O\u2019Reilly, reconhecido paladino dos standards abertos (open standards<\/em>), fundador e director executivo (CEO) da O’Reilly Media, Inc.<\/a>, num artigo de 2005, intitulado What Is Web 2.0: Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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The concept of “Web 2.0” began with a conference brainstorming session between O’Reilly and MediaLive International. Dale Dougherty, web pioneer and O’Reilly VP, noted that far from having “crashed”, the web was more important than ever, with exciting new applications and sites popping up with surprising regularity. What’s more, the companies that had survived the collapse seemed to have some things in common. Could it be that the dot-com collapse marked some kind of turning point for the web, such that a call to action such as “Web 2.0” might make sense? We agreed that it did, and so the Web 2.0 Conference was born. <\/em>(O\u2019Reilly, 30-09-2005: 1)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Nesse mesmo artigo, O\u2019Reilly procura avan\u00e7ar uma explicita\u00e7\u00e3o e clarifica\u00e7\u00e3o do que entende pelo conceito de \u201cWeb 2.0\u201d, numa altura em que, em seu entender, havia grande instabilidade e confus\u00e3o em volta do mesmo. Reportando-se \u00e0 j\u00e1 mencionada sess\u00e3o de brainstorming, apresenta um quadro em que se procurava estabelecer as diferen\u00e7as entre a \u201cvelha web\u201d e a \u201cnova web\u201d:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Web 1.0<\/strong><\/td>Web 2.0<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
DoubleClick

<\/p>\n

Ofoto<\/p>\n

Akamai<\/p>\n

mp3.com<\/p>\n

Britannica Online<\/p>\n

personal websites<\/p>\n

evite<\/p>\n

domain name speculation<\/p>\n

page views<\/p>\n

screen scraping<\/p>\n

publishing<\/p>\n

content management systems<\/p>\n

directories (taxonomy)<\/p>\n

stickiness<\/p><\/td>

Google AdSense

<\/p>\n

Flickr<\/p>\n

BitTorrent<\/p>\n

Napster<\/p>\n

Wikipedia<\/p>\n

blogging<\/p>\n

upcoming.org and EVDB<\/p>\n

search engine optimization<\/p>\n

cost per click<\/p>\n

web services<\/p>\n

participation<\/p>\n

wikis<\/p>\n

tagging (“folksonomy”)<\/p>\n

syndication<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Quadro 1 – What Is Web 2.0. Tim O\u2019Reilly (30-09-2005).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Web 2.0 poderia, ent\u00e3o, ser entendida como um deslocamento dos aspectos mais t\u00e9cnicos \u2013 o software que a suporta \u2013 para uma experi\u00eancia de utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o enquanto plataforma atrav\u00e9s da qual s\u00e3o distribu\u00eddos servi\u00e7os, orientados para o utilizador, em permanente transforma\u00e7\u00e3o (uma esp\u00e9cie de beta perp\u00e9tuo), com caracter\u00edsticas novas que se encontram evidenciadas na representa\u00e7\u00e3o gr\u00e1fica que se apresenta abaixo e que inclu\u00eda alguns dos elementos que se viriam a tornar verdadeiras pedras angulares neste conceito: maior controlo por parte do utilizador, maior personaliza\u00e7\u00e3o dos conte\u00fados e servi\u00e7os, a participa\u00e7\u00e3o, a intelig\u00eancia colectiva, a fragmentaridade\/atomiza\u00e7\u00e3o\/modularidade da informa\u00e7\u00e3o, ligada de modo flu\u00eddo e recombin\u00e1vel, granularidade, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fig. 1 –  What Is Web 2.0. Tim O\u2019Reilly. Brainstorming session at FOO Camp 2005.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nessa transi\u00e7\u00e3o, o factor essencial de sucesso parece ser a capacidade de mobilizar aquilo que O\u2019Reilly designa como a intelig\u00eancia colectiva, potenciada pelo poder da rede (O\u2019Reilly, op. cit.). Esta desenvolve-se de uma forma an\u00e1loga \u00e0 do c\u00e9rebro, organicamente, tornando-se mais rica e complexa \u00e0 medida que novas (hiper)liga\u00e7\u00f5es v\u00e3o criando conex\u00f5es com os novos sites e os novos conte\u00fados contribu\u00eddos por uma multid\u00e3o de utilizadores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Notas<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

[1] O texto foi consultado online no site AllBusiness http:\/\/www.allbusiness.com\/periodicals\/article\/383501-1.html<\/a>[5 de Julho de 2006], mas entretanto desapareceu. H\u00e1, contudo, outras refer\u00eancias que atestam esta circunst\u00e2ncia: http:\/\/thomashawk.com\/2006\/05\/tim-oreilly-sends-a-cease-and-desist-to-a-…<\/a> [acedido em 15-12-2008] e http:\/\/digitallife.germanblogs.de\/archive\/2006\/06\/25\/z79hltvluga9.htm<\/a> [acedido em 15-12-2008]. Um contacto por e-mail com Darcy DiNucci permitiu obter uma c\u00f3pia do artigo referido em PDF<\/a>. Segundo a autora, este ser\u00e1 disponibilizado online brevemente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Refer\u00eancias Bibliogr\u00e1ficas<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

DiNucci, Darcy (1999). Fragmented Future. Print Magazine<\/em>. Dispon\u00edvel em http:\/\/www.allbusiness.com\/periodicals\/article\/383501-1.html<\/a> [acedido em 09-11-2006]. Ver PDF<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O\u2019Reilly, Tim (09-2005). What Is Web 2.0: Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software. O\u2019Reilly<\/em>. Dispon\u00edvel em https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/36521959321@N01\/44349798<\/a> [acedido em 15-12-2008].<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The first glimmerings of Web 2.0 are beginning to appear, and we are just starting to see how that embryo might develop (\u2026) The Web will be understood not as screenfuls of text and graphics but as a transport mechanism, the ether through which interactivity happens. It will still appear on your computer screen, transformed … <\/p>\n

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